Article

How to turn a crisis into an opportunity

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Entrepreneurship

The diesel is dead! Long live the e-car?

The euphoria deserves a closer look - and those who are open to facts may view the topic skeptically.‍

Elon Musk, founder of the innovative e-car manufacturer Tesla Inc., has undoubtedly turned the automotive industry and its market on its head. For too long, the top dogs of the automotive industry have been sleeping through future-proof, sustainable drive technologies. The debate about drive types, triggered by the fraudulent diesel scandal involving certain manufacturers, is unfortunately lacking in facts. The debate is rather emotional and interest-driven - and also under time pressure due to the problematic air quality in many cities. The decision by the German Federal Administrative Court that diesel driving bans are permissible in cities is causing further frenzy. A ruling that is unlikely to affect Germany alone.

The first hybrid is from 1912

Semper Vivus

The disadvantages of the e-car

Well, the electric drive itself is not the problem. The big question is where does the traction current come from? Because even the still very expensive hydrogen fuel cell ultimately generates electrical energy. At first, it sounds rather tempting that there is currently no more efficient drive system than the electric one: To have one mechanical kilowatt hour in the vehicle, "only" 1.4 kilowatt hours are required from a photovoltaic power plant, for example. A loss of just 30 percent from the source of the electricity to the wheel is considered extremely low by comparison.

The problems lurk elsewhere:

  • In general, an e-car boom would make electricity much more expensive because demand would increase.
  • We will continue to need non-renewable, i.e. "dirty" energy sources to generate electricity for many years or even decades to come. So with the battery-based electric car, we are largely just shifting the exhaust gases from the exhaust pipe to the chimney of fossil fuel power plants. The public just doesn't see it. Only the pollution at knee height (exhaust) in cities, for example, is decreasing, and the chimneys in the power plant have better filters than a car.
  • Basically, the rechargeable batteries for electric cars are made up of the commercially available rechargeable batteries (known as battery cells) that we also use in the home - only bundled together en masse to form a large battery. They can quickly weigh up to 750 kilograms.

Incidentally, I also owe it to my esteemed friend Dr. Ulrich Bez, one of the most outstanding and experienced international car bosses, that I have learned so much about this topic. I would also like to thank my Austrian friend Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Weissenbacher, a professional in the field of energy and batteries in particular, from the Institute for Sustainable Energy at the University of Malta, for his support with the fact check for this article.

Die Krise als Chance

Dieser Artikel wurde zuerst in Englisch in der Sunday Times of Malta veröffentlicht, danach auch in der SWZ Südtiroler Wirtschaftszeitung). Online-Link "How to turn a crisis into an opportunity" oder als PDF/Printausgabe hier und hier zu finden.

Wer in der Krise einen kühlen Kopf bewahrt, kann seine Schwachstellen ins Positive wenden und gestärkt daraus hervorgehen.

Niemand liebt Krisen. Denn die Lage in einer Krise ist negativ, instabil, nervenaufreibend und gefährlich. Dennoch gehören Krisen zu jedem Leben dazu, zu jeder Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft, zu jedem Unternehmen.

Zugleich hat jede Krise zwei Seiten: eine problematische und eine erfreuliche. Wohl deshalb besteht das chinesische Wort für „Krise“ (危机) aus zwei Schriftzeichen, die einzeln betrachtet „Gefahr“ und „Chance“ bedeuten. Letztlich geht das Wort „Krise" auf das altgriechische Wort „κρίσις“ (crisis - „Zuspitzung“) zurück, Krisen sind also eine Art Lackmustest.

Krise als Tabu nicht akzeptieren

Unternehmer und Firmen in Schwierigkeiten gibt es immer – wahrscheinlich mindestens so viele wie jene, denen es gut geht. Nur ist das in vielen Ländern Europas ein Tabuthema.
Unternehmen, denen es immer nur gut ging, sind mir jedenfalls in meinem ganzen Leben noch nicht untergekommen. Und ich habe viele Unternehmer und Betriebe erfolgreich aus Krisen begleitet. Die meisten waren zuvor erfolgreich, aber irgendwann wurde es dennoch problematisch.

Eine Krise entsteht vorwiegend aus irgendeiner Nachlässigkeit. Wir haben irgendetwas übersehen oder unterlassen. Irgendeine oder mehrere Schwachstellen haben wir ignoriert, nicht ernstgenommen, hintangestellt. Und plötzlich wird alles, was schon untergründig unstimmig war, offensichtlich. In der Krise wird jeder Riss, jede Instabilität ein Thema. In der Krise ist jede Schwachstelle gefährlich.

Krisen eignen sich daher dazu, das Unternehmen zu prüfen. Dies gilt auch im persönlichen Leben. Die Krise macht die Schwachstellen sichtbar. Und das ist die Chance, die in der Krise liegt. Ob es Schwachpunkte in der Führung sind, in der Struktur, in der Organisation, im Ablauf, im Geschäftsmodell, im Umgang mit Mitarbeitern, Kunden und Geschäftspartnern, in der Entlohnung, der Motivation, der Marktpositionierung, der Konkurrenzfähigkeit, der Produkt- oder Servicequalität, in der Wertschätzung, in der Modernisierung - egal, sie kommen alle ans Licht. Deshalb ist eine Krise letztlich immer etwas Gutes. Sie zu tabuisieren, ist Unsinn.

Vertrauen herstellen durch Transparenz

Führung in der Krise bedeutet, sich zu sagen: Wir können vielleicht die Weltkrise oder die Krise des Landes nicht lösen. Und dennoch können wir bei uns zu Hause die Schwachstellen anschauen und sie zügig verbessern. Dabei prüfen wir Schwachstelle für Schwachstelle und wandeln sie in Stärken um. Und auch die Stärken schauen wir an: Wir machen sie uns wieder bewusst und nutzen sie erst recht. Beides, die neuen und die alten Stärken, gilt es dann auch trotzig publik zu machen!

In der Krise sollte die Führung vor allem auf zwei Dinge bauen: Transparenz und Vertrauen! Beschönigungen, Halbwahrheiten, taktische Spielchen sollte man tunlichst unterlassen. Denn die Menschen merken, ob etwas stimmt oder ob sie jemand für dumm verkauft. Sind Vertrauen und Ruf erst ruiniert, wird es immens schwierig, beides wiederherzustellen.

Andererseits bleibt einem in der Krise nur, auf Sicht zu fahren. Denn Krisen sind hochdynamische Prozesse mit Nebelfaktor. In der Krise kann man keine 10-Jahres-Pläne schmieden oder Entscheidungen treffen, die für lange Perioden vorausgedacht sind.

Insofern ist es in der Krise nicht unehrenhaft, wenn man jemandem oder auch seiner Belegschaft ganz offen sagt: „Ich habe keine Ahnung, wie sich das weiterentwickelt, weil einfach niemand eine Ahnung hat, wie es sich weiterentwickelt“.  Diese Ehrlichkeit ist sogar unbedingt nötig. Wie ebenso, dass Sie sich offen für Einschätzungen und Ideen aus dem Kreis Ihrer Belegschaft und von Außen zeigen.

Ein „Advocatus Diaboli“ und ständige Präsenz

Wichtig in der Krise ist es zudem, sich mit kompetenten Leuten zu umgeben. Denn in der Krise alles selbst zu wissen, zu überschauen, zu durchblicken und zu sehen, ist extrem schwierig und somit riskant. Es braucht externe Profis mit Fachkenntnis, kompetente Berater sowie mindestens einen sehr erfahrenen, krisengeprüften „Advocatus Diaboli“. Letzterer hat die Aufgabe, alles – den Status quo sowie die Verbesserungspläne – aus den unterschiedlichsten Perspektiven kritisch zu hinterfragen. Ein Advocatus Diaboli hält dem Chef oder der Führungsriege auch den Spiegel vor. Er kann und darf auch den Obersten sagen: „Das ist aber töricht, was ihr da macht.“ Er nimmt kein Blatt vor den Mund, und das macht ihn so wichtig.

Und noch ein Punkt ist im Krisenmanagement entscheidend: Sie müssen sich zeigen. Gerade in der Krise gehört der Kapitän an Bord, da gibt es keinen Urlaub. In der Krise muss Führungspersonal doppelt und dreifach so präsent sein wie sonst, doppelt und dreifach so nervenstark, doppelt und dreifach so kommunikationsbereit. Die Führungsmannschaft muss für die Mitarbeiter da sein! Und zwar vom Untersten bis zum Obersten. Dies auch im Sinne der Redensart: Der Chef ist morgens der Erste, der kommt, und abends der Letzte, der geht.

Damit haben Sie die besten Voraussetzungen, eine Krise zu meistern, ihre Chancen erfolgreich zu nutzen und gestärkt daraus hervorzugehen.

How to turn a crisis into an opportunity

This article was first published in English in the Sunday Times of Malta, then also in the Italian SWZ Südtiroler Wirtschaftszeitung). Online-link "How to turn a crisis into an opportunity" or is as a PDF of the print version here and here to find.

Nobody loves crises because the situation in a crisis is negative, unstable, nerve-wracking and dangerous. Nevertheless, crises are part of every life, society and economy, as well as every enterprise.

At the same time, every crisis has two sides: a problematic and a positive one. This is probably why the Chinese word for "crisis" (危机) is made up of two characters, which individually mean "danger" and "opportunity". Ultimately, the term "crisis" goes back to the ancient Greek word "κρίσις" ("crisis/intensification") - crises are thus a kind of acid test.

There are always entrepreneurs and companies in trouble - probably at least as many as those that are doing well. Yet crisis is considered a taboo. I have never come across a company that was always doing well, yet I have successfully helped many entrepreneurs and businesses out of crises. Most of them were previously successful but still faced problems at some point.

A crisis arises mainly from some negligence. Something was overlooked or omitted, one or more weak points were ignored or not taken seriously, or put on the back burner. Then suddenly, everything that was already inconsistent underneath becomes obvious. In the crisis, every crack, every instability becomes an issue. In a crisis, every weak point is dangerous.

Crises are therefore suitable for examining the business - this also applies to personal life. The crisis makes the weak points visible and that is precisely the opportunity that lies within the crisis: Whether they are weaknesses in leadership, structure, organisation, process, the business model, dealings with employees, customers and business partners, remuneration, motivation, market positioning, competitiveness, product or service quality, appreciation, modernisation, it doesn't matter - they all come to light. That is why a crisis is ultimately always a good thing. It is nonsense to make it a taboo.

Leadership in crisis means saying to oneself: We may not be able to solve the world crisis or the country's crisis, however we can look at the weak points of our company and promptly improve them. In doing so, we examine weak point by weak point and transform them into strengths. We also look at the strengths: We make ourselves aware of them again and use them all the more. Both the new and the old strengths must then be defiantly publicised!

In a crisis, leadership should build on two things above all: Transparency and trust. Embellishments, half-truths and tactical games should be avoided at all costs, because people are quick to notice deceit and abhor being taken for fools. Once trust and reputation have been ruined, it’s hard to restore either.

On the other hand, in a crisis, the only thing left to do is to run on sight because crises are highly dynamic processes with a fog factor. In a crisis, you can't make 10-year plans or decisions that are intended for long periods ahead.

In this respect, in a crisis it is not dishonourable to openly say to someone or even to one's staff: "I have no idea how this will develop, because simply no one has any idea how it will develop." This honesty is essential – even adding that we are open to assessments and ideas from among staff and from outside.

In a crisis, it is also important to surround oneself with competent people. Knowing, overseeing, looking through and seeing everything yourself in a crisis is extremely difficult and therefore risky. It needs external people with expertise, competent advisors and at least one very experienced, crisis-tested "devil's advocate". The latter has the task of critically scrutinising everything - the status quo and the improvement plans - from the most diverse perspectives. A devil's advocate also holds up a mirror to the boss or the management team. He can also challenge and question the higher-ups: "This is foolish, what are you doing?” He does not mince his words, and that is what makes him so important.

Another crucial point in crisis management is accountability. Especially in a crisis, the captain has to be on board; there is no holiday.  Management personnel must be twice or even three times more present, resilient, ready to communicate, than usual. They must be there for the employees, from the lowest to the highest, giving their all, to the extent of being first to arrive in the morning and last to leave in the evening.

This gives us the best prerequisites to master a crisis, to successfully use its opportunities and to emerge from it stronger and more sustainable.

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