Article

Social media - an appeal for mindfulness when forming opinions

TO THE BOOK
Digitalisation

The diesel is dead! Long live the e-car?

The euphoria deserves a closer look - and those who are open to facts may view the topic skeptically.‍

Elon Musk, founder of the innovative e-car manufacturer Tesla Inc., has undoubtedly turned the automotive industry and its market on its head. For too long, the top dogs of the automotive industry have been sleeping through future-proof, sustainable drive technologies. The debate about drive types, triggered by the fraudulent diesel scandal involving certain manufacturers, is unfortunately lacking in facts. The debate is rather emotional and interest-driven - and also under time pressure due to the problematic air quality in many cities. The decision by the German Federal Administrative Court that diesel driving bans are permissible in cities is causing further frenzy. A ruling that is unlikely to affect Germany alone.

The first hybrid is from 1912

Semper Vivus

The disadvantages of the e-car

Well, the electric drive itself is not the problem. The big question is where does the traction current come from? Because even the still very expensive hydrogen fuel cell ultimately generates electrical energy. At first, it sounds rather tempting that there is currently no more efficient drive system than the electric one: To have one mechanical kilowatt hour in the vehicle, "only" 1.4 kilowatt hours are required from a photovoltaic power plant, for example. A loss of just 30 percent from the source of the electricity to the wheel is considered extremely low by comparison.

The problems lurk elsewhere:

  • In general, an e-car boom would make electricity much more expensive because demand would increase.
  • We will continue to need non-renewable, i.e. "dirty" energy sources to generate electricity for many years or even decades to come. So with the battery-based electric car, we are largely just shifting the exhaust gases from the exhaust pipe to the chimney of fossil fuel power plants. The public just doesn't see it. Only the pollution at knee height (exhaust) in cities, for example, is decreasing, and the chimneys in the power plant have better filters than a car.
  • Basically, the rechargeable batteries for electric cars are made up of the commercially available rechargeable batteries (known as battery cells) that we also use in the home - only bundled together en masse to form a large battery. They can quickly weigh up to 750 kilograms.

Incidentally, I also owe it to my esteemed friend Dr. Ulrich Bez, one of the most outstanding and experienced international car bosses, that I have learned so much about this topic. I would also like to thank my Austrian friend Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Weissenbacher, a professional in the field of energy and batteries in particular, from the Institute for Sustainable Energy at the University of Malta, for his support with the fact check for this article.

Soziale Medien (SoMe) sind ein wichtiger Teil unseres Lebens geworden. Sie verbinden uns mit Freunden und Familie, informieren und unterhalten uns. SoMe bergen aber auch große Gefahren.

Bei der Anhörung der Chefs der großen Social-Media-Plattformen in den USA Ende Januar 2024 gingen die Wogen hoch. Senatoren und Topmanager von Meta (Facebook, Instagram), TikTok, X (Twitter), Snap und Discord diskutierten hitzig über die Gefahren, welche die SoMe-Dienste für Kinder und Jugendliche bergen.

Zu viele irreführenden Nachrichten in den SoMe-Plattformen

Die Menge an Daten, die tagtäglich auf Social Media veröffentlicht werden, ist enorm. Laut einer Studie von Statista wurden im Jahr 2022 weltweit täglich 68,7 Milliarden Social-Media-Posts veröffentlicht. Davon waren 53,6 Milliarden Textposts, 13,4 Milliarden Fotos und 1,7 Milliarden Videos. 2023 dürften es täglich 72,1 Milliarden Social-Media-Posts gewesen sein.

Die durchschnittliche Person verbringt 2 Stunden und 28 Minuten täglich in den sozialen Medien. Eine Studie des Pew Research Center aus dem Jahr 2023 ergab, dass in den vergangenen 30 Tagen 84 % der Social-Media-Nutzer politische Inhalte und 66 % Fake News gesehen haben.

Laut Schätzungen wird davon ausgegangen, dass jeder Nutzer tagtäglich durchschnittlich 100 Posts sieht. Und von denen, die Nachrichtencharakter haben, sind inzwischen schätzungsweise rund 50 Prozent Fake News oder Propaganda, also manipulative Falschinformationen. Der Anteil an verifizierten Posts mit Inhalten aus seriösen Medienquellen, bei denen man sich auf einen Faktencheck verlassen kann, ist als äußerst gering einzustufen, da die Menge an nutzergenerierten SoMe-Inhalten extrem hoch ist.

Algorithmen und der Filterblasen-Effekt

Hinzu kommt der Filterblasen-Effekt: Denn auch Social Media leben davon, dass der Köder dem Fisch schmecken muss. Nur so kann der Nutzer bei der Stange gehalten werden. Dafür sorgen die ausgeklügelten, meist KI-gestützten Algorithmen der jeweiligen SoMe-Plattformen. Diese lernen durch das eigene Posten, Liken, Teilen, Kommentieren von Beiträgen rasend schnell, worauf der Nutzer „anspringt“, was er oder sie gerne kommuniziert oder lesen, sehen, hören möchte, was ihn oder sie emotional bewegt.

Von 2008 bis 2014 entwickelte der Stanford-Professor Michał Kosiński, einer der führenden Spezialisten auf dem Gebiet der Psychometrie, einen Algorithmus für Facebook-Posts, der mit nur 70 Likes den Nutzer besser einschätzen konnte als seine Freunde. Mit 150 Likes besser als die Eltern, mit 300 Likes besser als der Lebenspartner und mit nur 350 Likes sogar besser als sich selbst.

Und genau so kommt die rein subjektive Auswahl von durchschnittlich 100 Beiträgen pro Tag zustande, die dem Nutzer aus den insgesamt über 72 Milliarden veröffentlichten Beiträgen angezeigt werden. Das sind gerade einmal 0,0000000014 % aus dem Meer aller täglichen SoMe-Posts. Bildlich gesprochen wäre das so, als würde man von einem Quadratkilometer Wüste nur 1 Sandkorn in der Hand halten.

Objektives Weltbild?

Ist das ein objektives Bild der Wirklichkeit, der Welt? Sind das fundierte, verifizierte Informationen? Mit Sicherheit nicht! Und das in einer Zeit, in der Maß und Mitte, Verlässlichkeit und Sicherheit verloren zu gehen scheinen und fundierte, objektive Informationen umso wichtiger sind. Und doch lassen sich Heerscharen von Nutzern davon lenken, meinungs- und urteilsbildend beeinflussen, zumindest teilweise einer Gehirnwäsche unterziehen.

Denn sie lesen, sehen und hören über SoMe immer nur das, was sie lesen, sehen und hören wollen, was gerade in ihr Weltbild passt, was zu ihren Grundannahmen über die Welt, die Menschen, die Politik, die Zeit passt. Darauf konzentrieren sie sich, das bewerten sie am stärksten, das zieht sie an, das fasziniert sie.

Darauf aufbauend werden ihre Annahmen und Sichtweisen immer wieder bestätigt und verstärkt, bis am Ende die Welt nur noch so zu sein scheint, wie sie es erwartet. So schaffen sie sich schließlich ihre Welt. Nur dreht sich diese Spirale fast ausschließlich in die negative, depressive Richtung, oft überladen mit Zukunftsängsten und Sorgen und führt zur Realitäts- und Verantwortungsflucht. Insofern blickt man mit Sorge auf die Macht der sozialen Medien.

Sind die sozialen Medien selbst das Problem?

Nein! Denn sie sind nur das nach außen verlagerte innere Problem der Menschen, die sich nicht die Mühe machen, sich fundiert zu informieren. Sie lassen sich lieber nach Belieben „füttern“.

So aber bleibt für all jene - neben den unbestrittenen Herausforderungen unserer turbulenten Zeit - das Glückende, das Gelingende, das Schöne, das Gute, die objektive Wirklichkeit auf der Strecke. Sie leben sozusagen im falschen Film, sehen sich eher als Opfer des Weltgeschehens, denn als aktive Gestalter des eigenen Lebens.

Das erinnert stark an das berühmte Sozialexperiment „The Third Wave“, das der Geschichtslehrer Ron Jones (* 1941) 1967 mit Schülern der Cubberley High School in Palo Alto im Silicon Valley durchführte und das 1981 und 2008 als „The Wave (Die Welle)“ verfilmt wurde. Jones wollte seinen Schülern während einer Projektwoche das Thema Autokratie näherbringen und sie erleben lassen, wie eine Diktatur entsteht. Durch die Manipulation von Informationen und Spielregeln gerät die Situation schnell außer Kontrolle. Die durch das Experiment ausgelöste Eigendynamik zwang ihn, das Experiment bereits am fünften Tag abzubrechen. „Die Welle ist erschreckend realistisch, zeitlos und brandaktuell“, hieß es in vielen Kritiken.

Bei allem „Realitätssinn“ – bleiben wir optimistisch!

Deshalb der Appell, sich selbst mehr Mühe zu geben und sein Umfeld immer wieder zu ermuntern, sich objektiv und vielfältig zu informieren. Es braucht immer wieder den Mut, auch der Hoffnung und der Zuversicht eine Chance zu geben, das Positive zu sehen und zu fördern. Bleiben wir bei allem „Realitätssinn“ vor allem eines: optimistisch! In einer so besonnenen Gemeinschaft wird sich das Positive letztlich immer als das Stärkere durchsetzen.

This article was also published in the Südtiroler Wirtschaftszeitung. The link to the article is here.

Social media (SoMe) has become an inextricable part of our lives, connecting us with loved ones, informing us and entertaining us. But SoMe also harbours significant dangers.

Tempers flared at the January 2024 hearing of major social media platform heads in the US. Senators and top managers from Meta (Facebook, Instagram), TikTok, X (Twitter), Snap and Discord exchanged heatedly about the dangers SoMe services pose for children and young people.

A deluge of misleading messages

The daily volume of data published on social media is astonishing. According to Statista, a staggering 68.7 billion social media posts were published worldwide every day in 2022. Of these, 53.6 billion were text posts, 13.4 billion were photos and 1.7 billion were videos. This figure is projected to have climbed to 72.1 billion daily posts in 2023.

The average person spends a considerable two hours and 28 minutes daily on social media. A 2023 Pew Research Center study found that 84 per cent of social media users encountered political content and 66 per cent saw fake news in the previous month.

Estimates suggest that every user sees an average of 100 posts daily. Of those deemed newsworthy, a worrying 50 per cent are now believed to be fake news or propaganda designed to manipulate with misinformation. The shortage of verified posts from reputable media sources suitable for fact-checking is concerning, given the explosion of user-generated SoMe content.

Algorithms and the filter bubble trap

Social media thrives on the ‘bait and hook’  approach, tailoring content to appeal specifically to each user. This keeps users engaged, thanks to the platforms’ sophisticated, often AI-powered algorithms.

Users unwittingly reveal their preferences by posting, liking, sharing and commenting, allowing the algorithms to learn what ‘ticks their boxes’, what they want to communicate, see, hear and what stirs their emotions.

From 2008 to 2014, Stanford professor Michał Kosiński, a leading psychometrics specialist, developed an algorithm for Facebook posts that could assess users better than their friends with just 70 likes. With 150 likes, it outperformed their parents, 300 likes surpassed their partners, and a mere 350 likes were enough to outdo even the users themselves.

This is precisely how the narrow selection of 100 daily posts, presented to each user from a vast pool of over 72 billion published posts, comes about. That’s a mere 0.0000000014 per cent of the entire SoMe sea. Figuratively, it’s like holding just one grain of sand from a square kilometre of the desert.

An objective view of the world? Hardly

Does this paint an accurate picture of reality, of the world? Is it well-founded, verified information? Absolutely not!

In an era where our sense of perspective, objectivity and certainty erodes, reliable, fact-checked information is more critical than ever. Yet, countless users allow themselves to be steered by it, forming opinions and judgements, essentially undergoing a degree of brainwashing.

They consume only what aligns with their pre-existing worldview and assumptions about the world, people, politics and current events.

This is what they focus on, value and find captivating. In turn, their assumptions and views are repeatedly confirmed and reinforced, creating a distorted reality that aligns solely with their expectations.

This ultimately leads to a negative, often fear-laden spiral of worry about the future, fostering withdrawal from reality and responsibility. This is why we view the power of social media with considerable concern.

Is social media the true culprit?

No, not necessarily. Social media platforms themselves aren’t the true villains. Instead, they expose a deeper issue: the tendency of many individuals to neglect actively seeking accurate and diverse information. They opt for the convenience of being passively ‘fed’ content, often falling prey to algorithms that reinforce their existing biases.

This, unfortunately, leads them to miss out on the rich tapestry of reality, encompassing the positive, the successful, the beautiful, the good and the objective. They become trapped in a distorted echo chamber, perceiving themselves as helpless victims of the world, rather than empowered shapers of their own lives.

This is strongly reminiscent of the famous social experiment ‘The Third Wave’, which history teacher Ron Jones (1941) carried out in 1967 with pupils from Cubberley High School in Palo Alto in Silicon Valley and which was made into a film in 1981 as The Wave.

Jones wanted to familiarise his students with the topic of autocracy during a project week and let them experience how a dictatorship is created. By manipulating information and the game’s rules, the situation quickly spiralled out of control. The momentum triggered by the experiment forced him to cancel the experiment on the fifth day.

“The Wave is frighteningly realistic, timeless and highly topical,” critics wrote.

Despite all the ‘realism’, let’s remain optimistic!

Recognising the challenges with social media doesn’t mean succumbing to negativity. Rather, it empowers us to take action. Let’s actively seek diverse information, engage in civil discourse and uplift others with messages of hope and action.

By fostering a level-headed, yet hopeful community, we can navigate the complexities of the online world and create a more positive impact. Despite all our “realism”, let us remain one thing above all: optimistic!

Want to read the full article?

Enter your name and e-mail address below and the full-length article will be on its way to you. Thank you for your interest!
Thank you! Your submission has been received!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
Subscribe to Q&A's
Would you like to be informed about "RMK's" free question and answer online sessions and possibly participate?
FOLLOW «RMK» ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND DON'T MISS IT!
It would be great if you were also part of the RMK social media community!
DISCOVER MORE INTERESTING CONTRIBUTIONS
17.8.2023
Criticism? It’s the dose that makes the poison
Criticism diet: Let's refrain from always assuming and thinking the worst possible thing. Never before in the history of mankind have there been so... many...
SPECIAL
To the article
17.8.2023
Europe's failure to deal with failure
Who dares, wins. Most of the time. But you can also lose. You learn little from victories - if anything. But you always learn from failure, if you...
SPECIAL
To the article
17.8.2023
Pessimism never won any battle
Escaping the vicious circle of negative thinking. The new sword of Damocles of an uncertain future. There is no question that we are living in times of great...
SPECIAL
To the article
25.10.2021
Climate protection? Unfortunately, it doesn't work!
For a long time, I too thought that we could stop climate change with immense efforts. In the meantime, it has become clear to me that it is impossible...
SPECIAL
To the article
22.3.2020
Futurology is nonsense, as it's impossible
COVID-19 has once again shown us what I have been pointing out in my lectures for years, namely how fallible futurology is. It is a bogus path and it has one serious...
SPECIAL
To the article
17.8.2023
Interview for Confare - Digitalisation: a human affair
Opportunities in a time of crisis. In an interview with Confare founder Michael Ghezzo, Reinhold M. Karner, FRSA (aka RMK) talks about economic developments...
SPECIAL
To the article
14.11.2023
Book excerpt Reinhold Karner
"True values instead of quick money. How to make your company crisis-proof and successful in the long term."
SPECIAL
TO THE PUBLICATION
17.8.2023
Criticism? It’s the dose that makes the poison
Criticism diet: Let's refrain from always assuming and thinking the worst possible thing. Never before in the history of mankind have there been so... many...
SPECIAL
TO THE PUBLICATION
6.2.2022
Entrepreneur-ship: Built to last
The average lifespan of companies is shrinking alarmingly. This neo-modern throwaway society of entrepreneurship, almost a new-fangled locust-plague-like...
SPECIAL
TO THE PUBLICATION
30.10.2023
5 game changers for more success
Without entrepreneurship and its courageous entrepreneurs, there would be no companies, no jobs, no prosperity and hardly any innovation.
SPECIAL
TO THE PUBLICATION

Entrepreneurship - action instead of waiting is the order of the day

Are you looking for tips and background knowledge or would you like to get to know Reinhold M. Karner? Then secure your added value here.

Subscribe to the «RMK» Success Tip of the Week now!

Reinhold M. Karner gives you a tangible practical tip for successful entrepreneurship every week. These are your complementary shortcuts to sustainable success.
only available in german
THANK YOU FOR YOUR REGISTRATION!
Please check your email inbox to confirm your registration.
Something did not work! Try again or contact us by e-mail.
TO THE BOOK
Q&A's
Thank you for submitting your question!
This will now be reviewed and, if necessary, taken up and answered in the next online unit. Due to many submissions, we cannot guarantee that every question will be addressed.
Something did not work! Try again or contact us by e-mail.